import numpy as np
try:
from scipy import constants
C_LIGHT = constants.c/1000.0
except TypeError: # This can happen during documentation builds.
C_LIGHT = 299792458.0/1000.0
# code to make mock Lya spectra following McDonald et al. (2006)
# copied from c++ code in Cosmology/LNLyaF
[docs]def power_amplitude(z):
"""Add redshift evolution to the Gaussian power spectrum."""
return 58.6*pow((1+z)/4.0,-2.82)
[docs]def power_kms(z_c,k_kms,dv_kms,white_noise):
"""Return Gaussian P1D at different wavenumbers k_kms (in s/km), fixed z_c.
Other arguments:
dv_kms: if non-zero, will multiply power by top-hat kernel of this width
white_noise: if set to True, will use constant power of 100 km/s
"""
if white_noise: return np.ones_like(k_kms)*100.0
# power used to make mocks in from McDonald et al. (2006)
A = power_amplitude(z_c)
k1 = 0.001
n = 0.7
R1 = 5.0
# compute term without smoothing
P = A * (1.0+pow(0.01/k1,n)) / (1.0+pow(k_kms/k1,n))
# smooth with Gaussian and top hat
kdv = np.fmax(k_kms*dv_kms,0.000001)
P *= np.exp(-pow(k_kms*R1,2)) * pow(np.sin(kdv/2)/(kdv/2),2)
return P
[docs]def get_tau(z,density):
"""transform lognormal density to optical depth, at each z"""
# add redshift evolution to mean optical depth
A = 0.374*pow((1+z)/4.0,5.10)
return A*density
[docs]class MockMaker(object):
"""Class to generate 1D mock Lyman alpha skewers."""
# central redshift, sets center of skewer and pivot point in z-evolution
z_c=3.0
def __init__(self, N2=15, dv_kms=10.0, seed=666, white_noise=False):
"""Construct object to make 1D Lyman alpha mocks.
Optional arguments:
N2: the number of cells in the skewer will be 2^N2
dv_kms: cell width (in km/s)
seed: starting seed for the random number generator
white_noise: use constant power instead of realistic P1D. """
self.N = np.power(2,N2)
self.dv_kms = dv_kms
# setup random number generator using seed
self.gen = np.random.RandomState(seed)
self.white_noise = white_noise
[docs] def get_density(self,var_delta,z,delta):
"""Transform Gaussian field delta to lognormal density, at each z."""
tau_pl=2.0
# relative amplitude
rel_amp = power_amplitude(z)/power_amplitude(self.z_c)
return np.exp(tau_pl*(delta*np.sqrt(rel_amp)-0.5*var_delta*rel_amp))
[docs] def get_redshifts(self):
"""Get redshifts for each cell in the array (centered at z_c)."""
N = self.N
L_kms = N * self.dv_kms
c_kms = C_LIGHT
if (L_kms > 4 * c_kms):
print('Array is too long, approximations break down.')
raise SystemExit
# get indices
i = range(N)
z = (1+self.z_c)*pow(1-(i-N/2+1)*self.dv_kms/2.0/c_kms,-2)-1
return z
[docs] def get_gaussian_fields(self,Ns=1,new_seed=None):
"""Generate Ns Gaussian fields at redshift z_c.
If new_seed is set, it will reset random generator with it."""
if new_seed:
self.gen = np.random.RandomState(new_seed)
# length of array
N = self.N
# number of Fourier modes
NF=int(N/2+1)
# get frequencies (wavenumbers in units of s/km)
k_kms = np.fft.rfftfreq(N)*2*np.pi/self.dv_kms
# get power evaluated at each k
P_kms = power_kms(self.z_c,k_kms,self.dv_kms,self.white_noise)
# compute also expected variance, will be used in lognormal transform
dk_kms = 2*np.pi/(N*self.dv_kms)
var_delta=np.sum(P_kms)*dk_kms/np.pi
# Nyquist frecuency is counted twice in variance, and it should not be
var_delta *= NF/(NF+1)
# generate random Fourier modes
modes = np.empty([Ns,NF], dtype=complex)
modes[:].real = np.reshape(self.gen.normal(size=Ns*NF),[Ns,NF])
modes[:].imag = np.reshape(self.gen.normal(size=Ns*NF),[Ns,NF])
# normalize to desired power (and enforce real for i=0, i=NF-1)
modes[:,0] = modes[:,0].real * np.sqrt(P_kms[0])
modes[:,-1] = modes[:,-1].real * np.sqrt(P_kms[-1])
modes[:,1:-1] *= np.sqrt(0.5*P_kms[1:-1])
# inverse FFT to get (normalized) delta field
delta = np.fft.irfft(modes) * np.sqrt(N/self.dv_kms)
return delta, var_delta
[docs] def get_lya_skewers(self,Ns=10,new_seed=None):
"""Return Ns Lyman alpha skewers (wavelength, flux).
If new_seed is set, it will reset random generator with it."""
if new_seed:
self.gen = np.random.RandomState(new_seed)
# get redshift for all cells in the skewer
z = self.get_redshifts()
delta, var_delta = self.get_gaussian_fields(Ns)
#var_delta = np.var(delta)
density = self.get_density(var_delta,z,delta)
tau = get_tau(z,density)
flux = np.exp(-tau)
wave = 1215.67*(1+z)
return wave, flux